MANAGEMENT OF PARKING SPACE

Parking management involves the control of parking. It have three main goals, according to the situation and place.

1. Using the existing road capacity is optimized by reducing the barrier movement.
2. Parking demand efficiently.
3. Restrict private vehicle travel demand, especially in the areas experiencing traffic congestion.

Parking controls should be selected accordingly situation and the place. Parking management can be divided into two, that is roadside  parking control and off-road parking.

Roadside  Parking Control 

1. Receipt System

• Car park management  by receipt system widely used in Malaysia, particularly in the 1970s. 
• It is usually used in the places visited by the public as the central shop or office. 
• This receipt system method is the only way to ensure that short-term Parkers had chance enough to use the parking spaces on the roadside because have a maximum time limt to park a car can be set.
• This method is suitable for use in areas that are fraught with short-term placement area like    shopping centers, banks and post offices. 

2. Parking Meter

• The management approach using parking meters are usually used in urban areas with high traffic volume.
• An area within the city zoned as a zone meter allows placement of the vehicle only in metered spaces.
• In terms of traffic management, this method allows the use of parking more effectively in the day by increasing level of use of each parking lot. 
• This system can accommodate more vehicles in a time where it can reduce the provision of new parking places. 

3. Parking Tape

• When the driver enters the zone scheme in which the system is using tape card Parking 'during parking, the tape be displayed by the user in the vehicle windshield and marks on the tape will be placed within the vehicle.
•  Tape were installed to show the proper time arrived and time leaving the parking space automatically.  
•  This time can be seen by the officers or employees effective parking regulations.
• Advantages of tape car park is no capital cost temporary installation.
• Disadvantage, including requiring enforcement personnel are many, difficult for users, especially drivers who are on a tour to get the tape.

 

Off-Road Parking.

1. Space Control

• This method is the control of the car park with the most firmly and can be implemented in areas of urban centers experiencing serious traffic congestion with the permission planning. 
• This method involves the removal of existeing parking space and the creation of protected areas to the car (car restricted area).  
• It is usually followed by the provision of central parking  in downtown. 
• If necessary, the parking space is allowed in that area but the total and the use of a limited.

2. Payment Control

• Tariffs for car parking could be modified to control the level of use the car park.  
• Tariffs can be differentiated to give an advantage to short-term Parkers and give 'fine' long-stay commuters.  
• Payments should not be too high as it will reduce the demand up to the detrimental stage.
• This method can be implemented easily on places of public-owned car park.
• Effectiveness of the costs not only depend on the rate but also its structure.

3. Time Control

• Time control can be implemented by closing the parking cars at peak hours, between 7.30 am to 9.00 am and between 4.00 pm to 8.00 pm for the block use of parking spaces is limited by the long-stay Commuters.
• Give more space to short-term Parkers and increase the parking turnover.   
• Usedon roads with high traffic volume at the peak time and traffic congestion problems.
• Can also be applied in the form of limiting use of parking for short term only, for example not more than two hours.
• More easily implemented by local authorities on publid owner parking space.

  

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS OF PREPARATION AND MANAGEMENT PARKING SPACE IN TOWN

Rapid increase in vehicle

The towns in Peninsular Malaysia has experienced an increase vehicles in line with the rapid economic growth in the follow  by the increase in household income that directly improve purchasing power and the ability to own private vehicles also is increased. In urban public transport services that is not satisfactory, more private vehicle owners to use private car to working , shopping and other purposes the trip. This makes the demand for car parking, especially in the city center increased substantially.

Business and Service Sector Growth

In line with rapid economic development, growth in floor space for trade and services are increasing. this can be viewed with the increase in the hotels, high-rise buildings that accommodate office space and business center of exclusive a large scale. These developments have directly increase trip generation to the city center by car, especially private car to perform daily activities.

Supply of Free Parking

 
There are many government buildings are located in city center offers free car parking spaces to their employees. Indirectly, this has encouraged many of their employees come to office using private vehicles, and so use of private vehicles to travel to other elsewhere in town and will  increase the demand for space car park.

Lack of Public Transport Service Efficiency

Most public transport is less efficient in terms of services include services that are not on schedule, conditions and quality of public transport vehicles that are not comfortable and placement bus stops away. These are among the factors that are not encourage the majority of those who make the journey use of public transport services, but use private vehicles for almost all journeys. 

The Increaseof Temporary  Car Parking

As a result of pressure on the demand for parking cars in the city center, most areas have been proposed for private development has been used as while parking by the developer. This has become increasingly narrow road space for vehicle movement and is one of factor of traffic congestion in the city center as well as encourage more many people who have private vehicles using their own vehicles to city center.

Car Parking For The Disabled

Because of the parking standards adopted by nearly all cities in Peninsular Malaysia is a standard that has been so long provided, no standards available for use by the disabled. At this time the number of drivers that from handicapped people increases due to the vehicle design has been provided. However at the end of these days, showed awareness towards the provision of car parking for disabled driversmade without regard to any standards.